China Launches Its Most Sophisticated Submarine to Date

A recently launched submarine from a Chinese shipyard in Wuhan has drawn attention as potentially the country’s most advanced non-nuclear vessel. Notably larger than previous models, this new submarine features X-form rudders, a first for Chinese submarines, and there are indications it may be equipped with a vertical launch system (VLS). However, information about this submarine remains scarce, as China traditionally keeps details about its new designs under wraps.

The launch of this submarine in April 2024 went unreported in Chinese state media, with its existence only being revealed by naval expert Tom Shugart in July. The new submarine’s design appears to be a derivative of the Type-039A-C Yuan class, a conventionally powered submarine currently in service with the Chinese Navy. While it shares some similarities with the Yuan class, particularly in its forward section, the submarine is distinguished by its longer hull and the inclusion of X-form rudders, a design element that is believed to enhance agility in shallow waters.

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The longer hull of the submarine suggests the possibility of a VLS, a feature that, while common in nuclear submarines, is less frequently seen in non-nuclear types due to their smaller size. If this new submarine does include a VLS, it could likely house between four and eight missiles. China’s interest in VLS technology has been evident since the introduction of the Type-032 Qing class test boat, and this new submarine could represent the next step in that ongoing experimentation.