The global shift towards greener energy has pushed many industries to adopt new technologies. One sector playing a big part in this change is the maritime industry. Not only does shipping help transport goods across the world, but it’s also involved in carrying new technologies that help reduce carbon emissions. A good example is the shipping of electric vehicles (EVs). As the number of EVs grows, shipping companies are learning how to handle the unique risks these vehicles bring, especially the risk of fires from the lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries that power them.
The Growth of Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicles are becoming more common worldwide. According to experts, the EV market is expected to grow by 10% every year, and by 2028, there could be over 17 million EVs on the road. This is great news for reducing carbon emissions, but it also brings safety concerns, especially for those shipping these vehicles. The main concern is the fire risk from the Li-ion batteries used in EVs.
Understanding the Danger of Li-ion Batteries
Li-ion batteries are the top choice for EVs because they are efficient and can store a lot of energy. However, these batteries are also volatile, which means they can catch fire or even explode under certain conditions. Fires caused by Li-ion batteries are difficult to manage, and they pose a threat to crew members, ships, and cargo. When a Li-ion battery fire starts, it can continue burning for days. These fires are often caused by damage to the battery, manufacturing defects, or exposure to extreme heat.
Increasing Incidents at Sea
Although the number of fires caused by Li-ion batteries on ships is still relatively low, these incidents are increasing. In 2022, 65 fires were reported on container ships, which is more than double the number of fires reported in 2020 and 2021. These fires often require emergency assistance from outside, and they can cause significant financial losses and, in some cases, deaths.
One big problem is that there are no specific rules for how EVs should be stored on ships, especially in containers. This makes it harder for shipping companies to safely transport EVs, as they could be placed near other cargo that could catch fire or damage the batteries.
Collaboration is Key
To tackle this growing problem, shipping companies are working with various stakeholders. In 2023, a group of shipping companies and safety organizations published guidelines on how to safely load and transport vehicles. This is a step in the right direction, but there’s still more to be done. For example, rules need to be created to ensure that EVs are stored in safer places on ships, and freight forwarders and terminal operators also need to follow these rules.
Training and Preparation for Fires
As the EV market grows, the shipping industry must act quickly to reduce the risks. Shipping companies can’t do this alone. They need to work with manufacturers, regulators, and other stakeholders to ensure safety. One of the most important steps is proper training for crew members. Ship crews need to know how to detect and contain Li-ion battery fires quickly. Ships also need better firefighting equipment to deal with these kinds of fires.
By working together and improving training, the shipping industry can better handle the risks that come with transporting EVs. A strong focus on early detection, fire prevention, and crew preparedness will make a big difference in keeping ships, cargo, and crew safe.
Overview
The rise of electric vehicles is changing the shipping industry. As more EVs are transported by sea, the risk of Li-ion battery fires grows. But with better training, improved firefighting systems, and collaboration across the supply chain, the shipping industry can manage these risks. By preparing now, the industry will be better equipped to handle the challenges of tomorrow
