IACS Revamps Safety Standards for Ammonia Engines
The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) has unveiled a significant update to its Unified Requirement UR M78, introducing new safety protocols for marine engines powered by ammonia. This revision is a crucial advancement in the maritime sector’s efforts to achieve decarbonization and transition to zero-carbon fuels. The updated guidelines, now encompassing ammonia as an approved fuel, reflect IACS’s dedication to fostering innovative propulsion technologies while ensuring safety remains a top priority.
Key Features of the Revised UR M78
The latest version, Rev.4 of UR M78, broadens its scope to include ammonia-fuelled engines, specifically anhydrous ammonia, alongside other fuels such as natural gas, ethane, LPG, methanol, and ethanol. This expansion provides regulatory clarity for the adoption of emerging zero-carbon fuels in the maritime industry. The revision introduces several critical safety measures aimed at mitigating risks associated with ammonia use.
One of the standout features of the revision is the enhanced risk analysis and mitigation systems. New requirements mandate the implementation of gas return and recovery systems, as well as Ammonia Release Mitigation Systems (ARMS), designed to prevent leaks and manage potential toxic releases effectively. Additionally, the revision addresses various hazards, including crankcase leakage and explosion risks, by introducing measures such as vent systems and explosion relief devices to ensure crew safety.
The updated safety concept also fills gaps not previously addressed by International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations. It integrates advanced monitoring and emergency response protocols, ensuring a comprehensive approach to safety. Furthermore, the design requirements for gas piping and components have been revised to include mandatory leak detection and type testing for ammonia expansion bellows and flexible hoses.
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Manufacturers of ammonia-fuelled engines will now be required to submit detailed technical documentation, including schematics, safety concepts, and risk analysis reports. IACS plans to uniformly apply Rev.4 for engines with type approval applications dated on or after July 1, 2027. This structured approach aims to provide shipowners, designers, and engine manufacturers with the confidence to advance towards zero-carbon shipping.
Industry Collaboration and Future Implications
Dr. Ajay Asok Kumar, Chair of the IACS General Policy Group, emphasized the significance of this revision, stating, “The inclusion of ammonia in UR M78 represents a major milestone in our journey toward decarbonization.” He reaffirmed IACS’s commitment to supporting the industry with robust safety standards that encourage innovation without compromising safety.
This revision not only establishes a clear regulatory framework for ammonia-fuelled engines but also reinforces IACS’s role as a leader in maritime innovation and sustainability. The IACS Machinery Panel Project Team 43 collaborated closely with industry stakeholders to ensure that the inclusion of ammonia aligns with global decarbonization objectives. This achievement marks a significant step forward for both IACS and the broader maritime industry, paving the way for a more sustainable future.
