Houthis emerge as threat global powers can no longer dismiss

Houthi Attacks on Shipping Spark Global Concerns

A series of deadly assaults by Yemen’s Houthi rebels on commercial vessels has thrust the group back into the international spotlight, showcasing its transformation from a local insurgency to a formidable regional player. Recently, the Houthis targeted two Greek-owned cargo ships in the Red Sea, resulting in fatalities and hostage situations. This escalation occurs amid fragile geopolitical dynamics in the Middle East, raising alarms about the Houthis’ growing influence and operational capabilities.

Escalation of Attacks

Last week, the Houthis struck two Liberian-flagged cargo vessels, the MV Magic Seas and MV Eternity C, leading to the sinking of both ships and the tragic loss of several crew members. The attacks, which involved bomb-laden drones, occurred just a day apart, with the MV Eternity C being targeted on July 7. In response to the crisis, private security firms Ambrey and Diaplous Group coordinated search efforts for the missing crew, including a three-man security team.

This surge in maritime violence comes at a particularly sensitive time in the region, as discussions surrounding a potential ceasefire between Israel and Hamas remain tenuous. Iran, the Houthis’ primary supporter, is also weighing its options regarding nuclear negotiations following recent U.S. airstrikes on its nuclear facilities. Experts warn that the Houthis have become too entrenched and adaptable to be overlooked, even in the face of international military pressure.

Despite ongoing U.S. air campaigns, dubbed Operation Rough Rider, and setbacks for Iran, the Houthis have not only survived but expanded their disruptive activities. Many within the group view the May 6 ceasefire agreement with the U.S. as a validation of their resilience. The Trump administration initiated the air campaign in response to the Houthis’ attacks on shipping routes critical to global trade and their threats against Israel.

Operational Independence and Global Implications

The Houthis, officially known as Ansar Allah, have controlled significant portions of northern Yemen since 2015, governing around 25 million people. While they receive military and political backing from Iran, analysts assert that the group operates with a notable degree of autonomy. They have developed their own strategies, established local institutions, and fostered relationships beyond Tehran.

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Arman Mahmoudian, a research fellow at the Global and National Security Institute, emphasizes the Houthis’ financial independence, which stems from various domestic revenue streams, including smuggling and religious taxation. Their organizational structure is resilient, making it difficult for external intelligence agencies to infiltrate.

The Houthis’ maritime operations have intensified, with over 100 attacks on international shipping since November 2023. Their actions have forced global shipping companies to reroute vessels around Africa, significantly increasing transit times and costs. The recent hijacking of the Galaxy Leader, a ship partially owned by Israeli interests, and the subsequent fatal strike on a commercial vessel in March last year, underscore the escalating threat they pose.

In response to the attacks, Israel has targeted key Houthi ports and infrastructure, raising concerns about a renewed campaign against shipping that could involve U.S. and allied forces. Although the Houthis have refrained from publicly attacking U.S. vessels since the May ceasefire, they continue to launch missile strikes against Israeli targets, asserting their right to defend against perceived threats.

International Response and Future Outlook

The United Nations Security Council has authorized ongoing reporting on Houthi attacks in the Red Sea, reflecting the group’s defiance of previous demands to cease hostilities. A recent vote in the council saw 12 members in favor of continued oversight, with Russia, China, and Algeria abstaining due to concerns over Yemen’s sovereignty amid U.S. military actions.

Analysts caution that international actors may be underestimating the long-term threat posed by the Houthis. As they continue to build their capabilities, the group believes they can leverage their actions to harm U.S. interests in the region. The Houthis feel emboldened by the lack of significant international response and are unlikely to retreat from their aggressive stance unless faced with substantial pressure.

 

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